Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural substance that is found in our skin, joints, and connective tissues. It is a glycosaminoglycan, which means that it is a long chain of sugars that is capable of holding water molecules. Because of this property, hyaluronic acid is often used in skin care products to improve skin hydration and overall health. In this article, we will discuss the benefits of hyaluronic acid for skin health and the science behind its effectiveness.

Benefits

Hydration

One of the primary benefits of hyaluronic acid for skin health is hydration. HA can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, which means that it can help to keep our skin hydrated and plump. When our skin is hydrated, it looks smoother and more youthful, and it is less prone to fine lines and wrinkles. HA can also help to improve skin elasticity, which is important for maintaining a youthful appearance.

Anti-Aging

As we age, the amount of hyaluronic acid in our skin decreases, which can lead to dryness, wrinkles, and sagging skin. Using hyaluronic acid in skin care products can help to replenish the skin's natural stores of HA, which can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It can also help to improve skin texture and tone, giving the skin a more youthful appearance.

Wound Healing

Hyaluronic acid has been shown to have wound-healing properties. It can help to promote the growth of new skin cells and blood vessels, which can help to speed up the healing process. HA can also help to reduce inflammation and redness, which can be especially beneficial for those with sensitive skin or skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.

Sun Protection

Research has shown that hyaluronic acid can help to protect the skin from UV damage. When applied topically, HA can help to prevent the breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, which are essential for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness. It can also help to reduce the formation of dark spots and other signs of sun damage.

Acne

Hyaluronic acid can also be beneficial for those with acne-prone skin. It is non-comedogenic, which means that it does not clog pores, and it can help to regulate sebum production, which is often a contributing factor to acne. HA can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne.

Oral Hyaluronic Acid

While hyaluronic acid is primarily used topically in skin care products, there is growing interest in its potential benefits when taken orally as a dietary supplement. Some studies have suggested that oral supplementation with hyaluronic acid may improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

One study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology found that women who took an oral hyaluronic acid supplement for 12 weeks experienced significant improvements in skin hydration and elasticity compared to those who took a placebo. Another study published in the Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition found that oral supplementation with hyaluronic acid for 8 weeks improved skin moisture content and reduced the appearance of wrinkles in middle-aged women.

However, it is important to note that the results of these studies are preliminary, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of oral hyaluronic acid supplementation for skin health. Additionally, the efficacy of oral supplementation may vary depending on the form of hyaluronic acid used and the dosage.

Side Effects

Hyaluronic acid is generally considered safe for use in skin care products and as an oral supplement. However, some people may experience mild side effects such as redness, itching, or irritation when using hyaluronic acid topically. These side effects are usually temporary and go away on their own.

When taking hyaluronic acid orally, some people may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and talk to a healthcare provider before taking any new dietary supplements.

Choosing Hyaluronic Acid Products

When choosing hyaluronic acid products for skin care, it is important to look for high-quality formulations that contain a sufficient concentration of HA. There are several different forms of hyaluronic acid, each with their own benefits. Some alternate forms include:

Hyaluronic acid

This compound is said to have a high molecular weight (> 1,800kDa). It remains on the surface of the epidermis and creates a protective film that prevents water from evaporating. It also moisturizes the surface layers of the skin and provides a tightening effect.

Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid

This is the hydrolysate of hyaluronic acid derived by an acid, enzyme or other hydrolysis method. Hydrolysis allows the hyaluronic acid to be split into smaller fragments. It is thus possible to recover a hyaluronic acid of intermediate molecular weight (> 1,000–1,800kDa). This is then stored in the connective tissue of the skin and prevents water evaporation.

Sodium Hyaluronate

The salts of hyaluronic acid are often used because of their great stability and their ease of incorporation in cosmetic formulas. They are more resistant to oxidation than other types of hyaluronic acid. Moreover, this form of hyaluronic acid exists at a significantly lower molecular weight than pure hyaluronic acid and hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid. It is called low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (> 100–1000kDa). The latter penetrates deeper into the epidermis, to the base of the corneal structure, to revitalize the skin. It reinforces and stimulates the production of hyaluronic acid naturally produced by the body.

Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer

Low molecular weight salts of hyaluronic acid are cross-linked to form a larger molecular weight molecule. This compound is new to skin care. It is interesting because it offers formulators the stability of hyaluronic acid salts and the humectant properties of higher molecular weight hyaluronic acids.

Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate

This form of HA is very recent in the beauty world. Acetylation is a chemical reaction that replaces hydroxyl (OH) functions in hyaluronic acid with acetyl CH₃CO groups. This form of hyaluronic acid thus has both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties. It has excellent affinity with the skin and high absorption. Research has shown that this ingredient absorbs three times more water than ordinary hyaluronic acid and guarantees prolonged hydration. In addition, in 2021, researchers demonstrated the ability of acetylated hyaluronic acid to inhibit the release of MMP-1 which degrades collagen in mature skin and skin explants exposed to UV light and urban dust. Acetylated hyaluronic acid has also been shown to reduce crow's feet and nasolabial fold wrinkles (wrinkles running from the nose to the mouth). This form of hyaluronic acid is therefore particularly promising in the fight against the signs of aging.

Oral hyaluronic acid products

When taking hyaluronic acid supplements orally, it is important to choose a reputable brand and follow the recommended dosage. Look for products that contain pure, high-quality hyaluronic acid and avoid products that contain fillers or other unnecessary ingredients.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid is a valuable ingredient in skin care products due to its ability to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and anti-aging properties. It can also aid in wound healing and provide sun protection. While more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of oral hyaluronic acid supplementation for skin health, preliminary studies suggest it may improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Overall, hyaluronic acid is a safe and effective ingredient for improving skin health and is a valuable addition to any skin care routine.

Sources

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